COLOMBO (News 1st); The 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded jointly to Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel for their pioneering discoveries concerning light-gated ion channels and optogenetics, a breakthrough that has transformed neuroscience and provided researchers with an unprecedented tool to study the living brain.
The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet announced the award on Monday, recognizing the three scientists for discoveries that made it possible to switch individual nerve cells on and off using light and observe how those cells influence memories, emotions and behavior.
According to the Nobel Prize Committee, the research journey began with the work of Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel, who discovered channelrhodopsin, a remarkable protein found in single-celled algae. They demonstrated that cells containing the protein became sensitive to light, opening the door to an entirely new approach to studying biological processes.
Building on that discovery, Karl Deisseroth introduced the channelrhodopsin gene into nerve cells from rats and successfully used blue light to trigger nerve signals. He later demonstrated that the technique could be used in the brains of living mice, laying the foundation for what is now known as optogenetics.
